Anastrepha and Toxotrypana synonymy

The purpose of this application under Article 23.9.3 of the Code is to conserve the current usage of the well-established genus-group name Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 for a genus of Neotropical fruit flies by reversal of precedence with its senior synonym, Toxotrypana Gerstaecker, 1860, under the plenary power of the Commission, in the interest of nomenclatural stability. Recent morphological and molecular studies demonstrate that the two genera are synonyms, however, while only one species of Toxotrypana is an agricultural pest, the multiple major pest species currently placed in Anastrepha have far greater impact on numerous commercial and subsistence fruit crops. The synonymy will involve changing their names and this would cause tremendous nomenclatural instability and disrupt scientific research and communication regarding their taxonomy, basic biology, management, and regulation.